Suggestions, developed for judges by judges, about how to incorporate understandings of sexual violence into the during the pre-trial, trial, and sentencing phases of an adult victim sexual assault case.
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A medical forensic sexual assault examination cannot determine whether or not a sexual assault was perpetrated. However, it can provide objective documentation of examination findings that, when considered in the context of all the evidence, will assist the judge and jury in reconstructing the events in question and determining whether or not there was a sexual assault. The limitation on how much a medical forensic sexual assault examination can tell the court is not only due to the fact that “rape” and “sexual assault” are legal conclusions, not medical diagnoses.
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A 2001 speech published in the Women's Rights Law Report about California's innovation in gender justice in the courts.
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This article explores problems women of color face at every level and in every aspect of the judicial system, as litigants, witnesses, defendants, employees, lawyers, and judges. The article summarizes concerns detailed in depth in NJEP's When Bias Compounds: Insuring Equal Justice for Women in the Courts curriculum.
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Published in the Women's Rights Law Reporter in 1986, this article examines the efforts of our National Judicial Education Program (NJEP) to make understanding gender bias an integral part of American judicial education.