Sex-based harassment is pervasive, especially in university research labs, but vastly underreported, often due to fear of retaliation. Reported harassers are increasingly using defamation lawsuits to retaliate against their victims when they speak out, or to silence their victims from speaking out in the first place. Under current law, employers are required to investigate claims of sexual harassment, and many employees are mandated to report harassment. However, if employers can be sued for undertaking a legally required investigation, there is no incentive to conduct one.